Europe’s Cultural Erasure. My Tribal Roots

My Quest for Native American Ancestry Began with a Photograph

My quest to learn more about my ancestors began with a photograph of my great-grandmother that appeared in a newspaper sometime in the late 1940s. The image was captioned simply: “Lady in a Sun Bonnet.”

The accompanying article read:

The pioneer Kentucky mountain families of the Cornetts and Isons gathered recently for a reunion along Leatherwood Creek in Perry County. One of the most striking persons present was Mrs. Polly Ann Cornett. Her snow-white hair was accentuated by a bright red waist. Her love for red, she explained, was inherited from Indian ancestry. Her paternal grandfather was Indian. She recalled that her brother always wore a red necktie. Her brother is Hiram Brock, a state senator and political leader in Eastern Kentucky for many years.”

Indian ancestry?

This was the first I had ever heard of it.

So I asked my dad.

“Oh yeah,” he said casually. “We have some Indian blood in the family.”

That was pretty much the extent of what anyone seemed to know.

At the time, all I really understood about my family tree was that my dad was born and raised in Eastern Kentucky—Harlan County—and my mom was born in Oklahoma. I had red hair, blue eyes, freckles, and very fair skin. My mom had blondish hair, blue eyes, and fair skin. My dad had black hair, blue eyes, and tanned easily.

Long before DNA testing was a thing, I began researching my dad’s side of the family the old-fashioned way. I eventually traced his lineage back to a Cherokee chief named Chief Red Bird, who would be my fifth great-grandfather. But the Native blood went back even further than that.

In the early frontier days, it was not uncommon for settlers—often mountain men—to take Native wives. Over generations, that bloodline eventually culminated with Red Bird. From there, as families moved out of the Kentucky hollers and intermarried, the ancestry became increasingly European.

Years later, when online DNA testing became readily available, I had my dad—at 99 years old—spit into a 23andMe tube. The results showed 2% Indigenous ancestry. Through additional research, I also found Shoshone ancestry in the mix.

I solved one family mystery but learned about another tribe where my DNA is the strongest.

The Celts

The Celts, much like Native Americans, were peoples who were tribal in structure—bound by clans, kinship, land, and oral history. Peoples whose spiritual traditions were ancient, whose ceremonies and beliefs stretched back thousands of years bound by nature.

The Erasure

Long before the colonization of the Americas, England had already honed its appetite for conversion at home. Celtic peoples in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales were targeted not just for their land, but for their beliefs. Conversion was framed as salvation, but it functioned as control. Oral traditions were discouraged or destroyed, sacred sites were repurposed, clan systems were dismantled, and spiritual practices were labeled pagan, savage, or uncivilized—language later reused almost verbatim in the New World. Celtic children were taught that their native tongues were backward or shameful, a strategy later replicated almost exactly in Native American boarding schools. When a language is erased, so too are the stories, ceremonies, and meanings that cannot be translated.

Much of the Celtic tribal belief system was lost—not because it was primitive or weak, but because it was deliberately dismantled through conquest, forced conversion, and the erasure of oral tradition. What remains are fragments: folklore, language, seasonal customs, and a lingering sense of belonging to land and kin—echoes of what once was whole.

Christianity was the primary tool used to justify cultural erasure, but the driving force was political control. Conversion wasn’t only about faith; it was about obedience. Indigenous belief systems—Celtic and Native alike—were deeply tied to land, kinship, and autonomy. By replacing those systems with Christianity, empires weakened tribal authority, disrupted oral traditions, and made people easier to govern. The church and the state worked hand in hand: religion supplied the moral justification, while empire reaped the land, labor, and loyalty.

Native peoples of the Americas, despite immense pressure and violence, managed to preserve far more of their living traditions – albeit through oppression and loss. And perhaps that is why the interconnection still feels present—one culture holding what another was forced to forget.

This pattern of cultural erasure extended beyond Native peoples. Those forcibly brought to the Americas were also stripped of language, tradition, and identity, their histories intentionally fractured as a means of control.

I guess what I learned is that I come from strong tribal roots, abroad and here in the Americas – both part of the European cultural erasure.

It all began with a single photograph that asked a question with even more to the answer than I had imagined.

Yes, I Wore the Robe. No, It Wasn’t a Cult.

Recently, during a conversation about family history, I mentioned to my niece that her mother and I had both been Job’s Daughters.

“What’s that?” she asked.

I found myself struggling to explain it—trying to give an elevator speech about a complex organization that’s been around since 1717. I told her it was a leadership and service organization for girls, connected to the Masons, which her grandfather had been a lifetime member of.

She had no idea what a Mason was either.

She did remember her grandpa riding a tiny motorcycle in parades, wearing a fez—but she had no idea what that was about. So I showed her the photos of her mom and me in our Job’s Daughters regalia.

I thought we looked like angels.

She thought we looked like a cult.

And in that moment, I realized how easily meaning can be lost when the stories behind the images aren’t told.

Then I asked my own son if he knew that his grandpa was a Mason and me a Job’s daughter. He knew about grandpa, but not about me. I really don’t think he knows what either of them really are.

That’s no one’s fault but mine. So this is for my Niece, my Son and my Granddaughters:

My father became a Mason in 1951—eight years before I was born.

By the time I arrived in 1959, his Masonry was already part of the background of his life. I remembered his fancy ring he wore with a strange symbol. He was a career Army man, a boy from the hollers of Eastern Kentucky. Being a Mason fit neatly into that larger identity of service and structure.

As a child, I don’t remember much about his Masonry at all. If you’d asked me then what a Mason was, I couldn’t have told you.

I didn’t begin to understand any of it until I was invited into something connected to that world myself.

When I was around 12, my father asked me if I would like to become a Job’s Daughter. I didn’t really know what it was, but when I saw the flowing white robes with wings, I thought they looked like angels. That was enough for me. I said yes.

What I didn’t realize was how serious—and how demanding—it would be.

Job’s Daughters required real commitment. Meetings, responsibilities, memorization, and discipline.

When I eventually became an officer—Chaplain—I was expected to memorize loooong ceremonial passages and stand in front of the entire Bethel (that’s what our chapters were called) to lead prayer and song. In other words, I opened the show and closed the show with stuff in the middle that I can’t remember.

I was thirteen years old-1974

And I was painfully shy.

There was no hiding in that role. No fading into the background. I had to speak clearly in the middle of the room. Lead confidently. Hold space for others. At first, it felt impossible. My hands shook. My voice wavered.

But I learned.

I memorized the words. I practiced until they lived in my body. I stood up straight even when I didn’t feel brave. Slowly—almost without noticing—I began to change.

Job’s Daughters pulled me out of my shell. It gave me my first real experience with public speaking, leadership, and responsibility. It taught me how to stand in front of people and be heard.

It’s a skill that stuck with me my entire life! I am thankful to have been a part of it.

My dad was a 32nd degree Mason. What exactly is that?

When I say my dad was a 32nd degree Mason, it sounds mysterious—maybe even a little dramatic. The truth is much less secretive and far more ordinary (and honorable).

Freemasonry is one of the oldest fraternal organizations in the world, with modern roots tracing back to 1717 in England, when local guilds formed what became known as Freemasonry. At its core, Masonry is about moral character, personal responsibility, service to others, and lifelong learning.

The word degree doesn’t mean rank or power. It’s more like levels of learning, similar to grade levels or stages of coursework. Each degree represents lessons taught through symbolism, ceremony, and reflection.

Most Masons start with the first three degrees—Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason. From there, some choose to continue their education through additional Masonic bodies. My father did that through the Scottish Rite, where degrees go from the 4th through the 32nd.

So what does 32nd degree actually mean?

It means commitment.

A 32nd degree Mason has spent years studying the principles of Masonry—things like integrity, service, justice, and compassion—and has shown dedication to living those values. It’s not about secrecy or status. It’s about personal growth and service over time.

My dad became a Mason in the middle of his Army career, which makes sense to me now. Masonry appealed to the same things the military did: structure, tradition, discipline, and service to something larger than oneself.

Later, he became a Shriner, a Masonic organization focused on charity—famous for the fez, the parades, and the little motorcycles, and deeply known for supporting children’s hospitals. (photo below) My sister now has the famous Fez, and boy does it sparkle!

So when I say my dad was a 32nd degree Mason, what I really mean is this:

He chose a path that valued service, character, and lifelong learning—and he stayed on it for the rest of his life.

What’s a Job’s Daughter—and Why the Weird Robes?

Job’s Daughters International is a leadership and service organization for girls and young women, connected to Freemasonry. We were typically a daughter or close relative of a Mason. Today all girls can join if they are sponsored by a Mason family and meet the age (10-20) and character requirements.

It was created to teach responsibility, service, confidence, and public speaking through tradition and ceremony.

And the robes?

They’re ceremonial, like choir robes or graduation gowns. Everyone wears the same thing so no one stands out—and so the focus stays on the role and the message, not appearances. The design comes from biblical symbolism meant to represent values like integrity, perseverance, and faith—not a specific religion.

To someone seeing them for the first time, the robes can look weird. But inside the organization, they weren’t about secrecy or mystery.

They were about stepping up, being seen, and learning how to lead.

I loved the robe as much as I loved my Brownie uniform!

How I Built a Website in the Covered Wagon Days (1997)

In 1997, I built my own website while living on a ranch, connected to the internet by a single dial-up phone line. I had no programming experience, didn’t know code, and barely knew how to use my PC! Windows was still fairly new, and I was migrating from DOS.


Old-timers will remember the terror: a black screen with nothing but a blinking cursor, a row of function keys you definitely weren’t supposed to press—and a few you were somehow expected to remember exactly what they did.

Getting online meant listening to that familiar screech of weird tones that went on forever and hoping no one picked up the phone in another room. If they did—connection lost, and yelling commenced.

I bought a book on how to make a website and learned HTML the only way available to me: pure stubbornness. There were no platforms or templates. I opened a plain text editor and typed everything by hand. Every paragraph, color, and line break had to be told exactly what to do. When something didn’t work, it simply didn’t show up. I had to figure out why all on my own!

Design was a workaround. Tables stood in for layout. Images were carefully resized so they wouldn’t take forever to load. That meant they had to be of very low resolution. Nothing was elegant, but when it worked, it felt like a small miracle.

And my site had movement (What??)


Flashing words. Simple animations. Photos of my ranch. Clickable flashing buttons.

By today’s standards, it was primitive. But in 1997, on a ranch with dial-up, it felt impressive. My friends couldn’t believe I had a website at all—let alone one that did things.

Publishing meant uploading files through FTP (File Transfer Protocal) software—photos and my HTML text file—dragging them from my computer into a place I barely understood. There was no undo. Every update replaced the last version completely. If I got it wrong, the site disappeared.

On a good day, it took over an hour to upload my website to the World Wide Web.

When I typed in the URL—some long, convoluted address with my name at the end—and the site appeared, I felt victorious. If it didn’t, I retraced every step, fixed what I could, and waited another hour or more for my site to upload again.

That internet was slow and unforgiving, but it was honest.
If something existed, it was because I made it exist from scratch.

There was no publish or undo button—just patience-lots of it.

For today’s bloggers and creators:
Before feeds and filters, we crossed the internet in covered wagons—
uphill, both ways, buffering the whole time.

Where Did my Friends Go?

2017 Reunited after not seeing each other for 32 years! College Roommates 1978

Where are all my Friends?
Hey there honorary members of the “Been There, Done That” club! I’ve been thinking a lot about all the people that I’ve met through the years as I turn 65 this year. Some were tight friends that I have lost contact with for various reason and some friends I’ve had since my teen years and am still in contact with.  My photo albums are filled with people I’ve known over the years, dead and alive. Strap on your hiking boots and grab a cup of herbal tea.. or….., because we’re about to embark on a journey through the highs and heartbreaking lows of social circles at in our “Golden Years”.

The Lowdown on Friends vs. Acquaintances
Acquaintances are like the neighbors you wave to while picking up the morning paper, or the cashier at the local grocery store who knows your name but you for, but of the love of God, can’t remember theirs. Acquaintances are the salt to your pepper—nice to have around, but they don’t exactly spice up your life.


Friends are the crème de la crème of companionship. They’re the ones who’ve seen you through thick and thin, from bad hair to bad divorces and break ups. Friends are like fine wine—they only get better with age, and they’re always there to toast to your triumphs and console you through life’s drama.  Do you hear a song and immediately think of a certain person in your life? I sure do, and some people have a string of songs that remind me of them! You reading this Lauren and Patti?


Friendships are Fleeting
Our 20s and 30s
The Great Migration: Ah, the glory days of our twenties, when the world was our oyster and our social circles were tighter than grandma’s knitting needles. But alas, life had other plans, and before we knew it, we were spread across the country like butter on toast, chasing dreams and trying to find our place in the world. With each move to a new city or state, we left behind a trail of memories and a Rolodex of friends scattered to the winds.


Remember the Christmas Newsletter?
             With all of my good friends scattered between two continents, I used to relish the Christmas season and the cards and newsletters I would get from my missed friends. Then friends would move and my Christmas card would come back undelivered-no forwarding address.  There was no internet to just “Google” to get current address. Decades would go by before I had the internet and could possibly find some long lost friends. I have found many, but some I have never found to this day. They are only fond memories of good times and faces in my faded photo albums.


Friends Die
Yep, the older we get, the better the odds our friends will move on to the afterlife.  I’ve lost a few friends in the past few years. They were much too young to die in my book, but they are gone none the less. I do have a few regrets of not making that one last phone call, but I can’t dwell on that. I must go on and remember the friendship and the good times we had. My dad lived to be 101 and he outlived pretty much all of his long time friends! It was kind of sad for him. The price of living to be over 100. Not many get to.


Pick up the Phone and Use your Vocal Chords!
Social media has helped reunite friends, but I find that my friends are now 2 dimensional photos and video on my computer screen. Picking up the phone every now and then is like hearing a favorite song when they say “Hello”. That familiar voice you belly laugh with when you reminisce about that cringeworthy “thing” you did back in the day!  You know.. that thing where you may or may not be able to run for public office?

So, my fellow Medicare age posse, cherish your friends like prized possessions, because in a world filled with acquaintanceship and fleeting friendships, true companionship is as rare and precious as a winning lottery ticket. Whether you’re reminiscing about the good old days with old pals or forging new friendships in the twilight years of life, one thing’s for sure: life’s a lot more fun when you’ve got someone to share it with. So grab your aging buddies, raise a glass and toast to the friends who’ve stood the test of time, no matter how far the winds of change may blow us. Cheers to friendship, laughter, and the sweet symphony of shared memories!

Love Twyla